Common methods of ART include:

    * In vitro fertilization (IVF).  IVF, which is fertilization outside of the body.  is the most effective ART. It is often used when a woman's fallopian tubes are blocked or when a man produces too few sperm. Doctors treat the woman with a drug that causes the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Once mature, the eggs are removed from the woman. They are put in a dish in the lab along with the man's sperm for fertilization. After 3 to 5 days, healthy embryos are implanted in the woman's uterus.
    * Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer. Similar to IVF, fertilization occurs in the laboratory. But then the very young embryo is transferred to the fallopian tube instead of the uterus.
    * Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). This involves transferring eggs and sperm into the woman's fallopian tube. So fertilization occurs in the woman's body. Few practices offer GIFT as an option.
    * Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is often used for couples in which there are serious problems with the sperm. Sometimes it is also used for older couples or for those with failed IVF attempts. In ICSI, a single sperm is injected into a mature egg. Then the embryo is transferred to the uterus or fallopian tube.

ART procedures sometimes involve the use of donor eggs (eggs from another woman), donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. Donor eggs are sometimes used for women who cannot produce eggs. Also, donor eggs or donor sperm are sometimes used when the woman or man has a genetic disease that can be passed on to the baby.

Adapted from the National Women's Health Information Center (www.womenshealth.org)